英语完成时态的运用问题!(急)

前沿技术作者 / 阿普资讯 / 2026-04-09 16:54
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关于英语完成时态的运用问题!(急)的讨论正在各大平台持续发酵,我们精心筛选了最新资讯,希望能为您带来实质性的帮助。今天我

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今天我们复习动词的时态,英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点。今天我们复习如下的内容:

初中阶段学习的时态:

1.一般现在时。

2.现在进行时。

3.一般过去时。

4.过去进行时。

5.一般将来时。

6.过去将来时。

7.现在完成时。

8.过去完成时。

初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力,能使句子的意思明确,能显示细微的差异,能使句子生动逼真。但它们又是相当灵活,在不同的时间中,要用不同的形式,这是与中文大不相同的地方。

1.一般现在时:一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。

(1)一般现在时的时间

①often

②usually

③always

④seldom

⑤sometimes

⑥every+时间

⑦次数+时间

⑧on+时间

⑨in+时间

⑩没有时间,但表示客观存在的事实

(2)一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示,但如果主语是单数第三人称时,则在动词后加s或es,变成否定句和疑问句时,又将s、es去掉,还为原形。

①be动词的一般现在时的构成

否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示:

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I am a teacher.

Am I a teacher?

I am not./I’mnot a teacher.

Am I not a teacher?

He/ She is a teacher.

Is he/ she a teacher?

He/ She is not/ isn’t a teacher.

Is he/ she not a teacher? 或Isn’t he /she a teacher?

It is Mary.

Is it Mary?

It is not /isn’t Mary.

Is it not Mary?/ Isn’t it Mary?

We/ You/ They are teachers.

Are we/ you/ they teachers?

We/ You/ They are not/aren’t teachers.

Are we/ you/ they not teachers?或Aren’t we/ you/ they teacher?

②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成

其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下表所示(以动词work为例)

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I work.

Do I work?

I don’t work.

Do I not work?或Don’t I work?

He/ She /It works.

Does he/ she /it work?

He/ She/ It does not/doesn’t work.

Does he/ she/ it not work?或Doesn’t he/ she/ it work?

We/ You/ They work.

Do we/ you/ they work?

We/ You/ They do not/ don’t work.

Do we/ you/ they not work?或Don’t we/ you/ they work?

特别提示:

have(has)在表示“有”时,否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not),变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时,其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。

e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√)

Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√)

她有教钢琴的经验吗?

Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?(×)

Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(√)

你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗?

上面我们列举了一般现在时的时间和动词的形式,在上述时间中,动词就要用到表格中的形式。

e.g.My sister ______(watch) TV every day.

因为“every day”,所以填“watches”。

He ______(teach) English.

因为没有时间说明他的职业,所以填teaches。

注意:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

e.g.We won’t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.

如果明天下雨,我们将不去公园。

When I grow up, I will go to America.

我长大后要去美国。

2.现在进行时

现在进行时的构成:现在进行时的构成如下表所示(以动词work为例)

肯定式

I am working.

We/ You/ They are working.

He/ She/ It is working.

疑问式

Am I working?

Are we/ you/ they working?

Is he/ she/ it working?

否定式

I am not working.

We/ You/ They are not working.或We/ You/ They aren’t working.

He/ She/ It is not working.或He/ She/ It isn’t working.

疑问否定式

Am I not working?

Are we/ you/ they not working?或Aren’t we/ you/ they working?

Is he/ she/ it not working?或Isn’t he/ she/ it working?

现在进行时的基本用法

①表示说话时正在进行、尚未完成的动作或状态。

e.g.The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it, please?

电话在响,你能否接一下?

Now watch carefully and see what is happening in the experiment.

现在仔细观察,看在实验中发生着什么现象。

What are you doing now, Bob? Grandma is asking to see you.

鲍勃,你在干什么?奶奶要见你。

常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有:

now 现在 right now 现在 at present 目前 at this moment 就现在

these days 这些天 look 瞧 listen 听 Where is+人称?

②表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。

e.g.George is working on a new book about stories in schools.

乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。

I am helping my Dad on the farm this summer vacation.

这个暑假我将在农场上给爸爸帮忙。

I am now visiting Guangzhou this week.

我本周在广州访问。

③表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。

e.g.The boy is jumping with great joy at the sight of his mother.

看到妈妈,小男孩高兴得不停地跳。

Someone is knocking at the door. It might be the postman.

有人在敲门。可能是邮递员。

④在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时。

e.g.If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.

他来时如果我在睡觉,请叫醒我。

⑤与副词always, usually, forever等连用,表达说话者的某种感情或对某一心理的生动描述。

e.g.I’m missing you very much. It’s a long time since we last met.

我很想念你。自从咱们上次见面以来已有很长时间了。

We’re looking forward to seeing you again.

我们都盼望着再见到你。

She is always thinking of others instead of herself.

她总是为别人而不是为自己着想。(赞扬)

Why are you always coming late for class? You are close to being suspended.

你怎么总是上学迟到?你快被开除了。(批评)

这种用法同学们只是了解一下,要用现在进行时,还应该用现在进行时的时间。

⑥进行时态用于瞬间动词。往往表示“即将……”,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

这类动词有:come, go, leave, start. begin, stop, arrive, stay, return, take等。我们通常用这些动词的进行时,表示将要发生的动作。

e.g.Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week?

你将在广州呆一周吗?

I am taking my daughter to the Central Park this Saturday.

这个周六我将带女儿去中央公园。

They’re leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

明天他们将离开这里去北京。

The girl is going to Beijing next week.

那个女孩下个星期将去北京。

不用于现在进行时的动词

①表示人的内心感觉、态度情感等的描述性动词。

常用的该类动词有:

love 爱 like 喜欢 hate 恨 know 知道 mind 介意

wish 但愿 need 需要 agree 同意 think 认为

want 想要 believe 相信 forget 忘记 remember 记住 understand 明白

e.g.Are you knowing Nancy well?(×)

Do you know Nancy well?(√)

你和南希很熟吗?

I am forgetting your phone number.(×)

I forget your phone number.(√)

我忘了你的电话号码。

We are needing your help.(×)

We need your help.(√)

我们需要你的帮助。

3.一般过去时

一般过去时的构成

①be动词的一般过去时的构成

be动词的一般过去时的构成如下表所示:

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I was a teacher.

Was I a teacher?

I was not a teacher.

Was I not a teacher?

He/ She was a teacher.

Was he/ she a teacher?

He/ She was not/ wasn’t a teacher.

Was he/ she not a teacher?或Wasn’t he /she a teacher?

It was Mary.

Was it Mary?

It was not /wasn’t Mary.

Was it not Mary?/ Wasn’t it Mary?

We/ You/ They were teachers.

Were we/ you/ they teachers?

We/ You/ They were not/ weren’t teachers.

Were we/ you/ they not teachers?或Weren’t we/ you/ they teachers?

②其他实义动词的一般过去时的构成

其他实义动词的一般过去时的构成如下表所示(以动词work为例)

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I worked.

Did I work?

I did not/ didn’t work.

Did I not work?或Didn’t I work?

He/ She /It worked.

Did he/ she /it work?

He/ She/ It did not/didn’t work.

Did he/ she/ it not work?或Didn’t he/ she/ it work?

We/ You/ They worked.

Did we/ you/ they work?

We/ You/ They did not/ didn’t work.

Did we/ you/ they not work?或Didn’t we/ you/ they work?

一般过去时的基本用法

①表示过去完成的事或存在的状态。

这种情况常与表示过去的时间状语a minute ago, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, during the night, in those days, in 2006等连用。

e.g.Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday and had to stay home for another day.

昨天汤姆突然病了,只好再在家里呆一天。

She looked very well when I last saw her.

上次我见到她时,她看上去气色很好。

I received a strange phone call yesterday. What a day I had!

昨天我接到一个奇怪的电话。真是倒霉的一天。

The person you are looking for went away just now.

你要找的那个人刚走。

特别提示:

过去时有时也和与现在关系较为密切的时间状语连用,如this morning, this afternoon连用。也就是我们通常说的一天分为三大块时间,this morning, this afternoon, this evening。其中this morning, this afternoon通常用“一般过去时”,而this evening通常用“一般将来时”。

e.g.Did you see my watch this morning?

今天早晨你看见我的手表了吗?

一般过去时不与now连用,但可与just now连用。

e.g.Mr. Bell called just now telling you not to worry about him.

贝尔先生刚才打来电话告诉你不要为他担心。

常用必背:

常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:

just now 刚才 last night 昨天晚上 the other day 前几天

at that moment 在那时 a few days ago 几天前 yesterday 昨天

last year 去年 at that time 当时 in 2002 在2002年

in the old days 在过去的岁月里

②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与always, usually, often, sometimes, never等时间状语连用。(请注意一定要用过去的时间)

e.g.I always got up too late, and never had enough time for breakfast last year.

去年我总是起床很晚,从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。

③表示过去特定时间一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作时,常用过去时,此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语,需要通过情景断定。

e.g.I got up early, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.

我早早起了床,洗完脸,迅速吃完早饭,就匆忙上学去了。

Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked carefully to his seat.

汤姆来晚了。他悄悄打开门进去,小心翼翼地走到自己的座位上。

④追述逝去的人或事,常用过去时。

e.g.The book was written by Mr. Liang Shiqiu.

这本书是梁实秋先生写的。

Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.

雷锋为全世界的人树立了一个好榜样。

⑤表示过去将来的动作。

在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示过去将来的动作。

e.g.She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.

她说如果我答应等她,她会来的。

I didn’t’ know she would come until yesterday.

直到昨天我才知道她要来。

⑥since从句一般用一般过去时。

e.g.You haven’t changed much since we last met.

自从上次我们见面以来,你变化不大。

It’s three years since he went abroad.

他出国三年了。

It’s a long time since he was ill.

他病好很长时间了。

I haven’t found any job since I was out of work.

自我失业以来,我一直没找到工作。

4.过去进行时

(1)过去进行时的构成:过去进行时的构成如下表所示:

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I /He /She/ It was working.

Was I/ he/ she/ it working?

I/ He/ She/ It was not working.或I/ he/ she/ it wasn’t working.

Was I /he/ she /it not working?或Wasn’t I/ he/ she /it working?

We/ You/ They were working.

Were we/ you/ they working?

We/ You/ They were not working.或We/ You/ They weren’t working.

Were we/ you/ they not working?或Weren’t we/ you/ they working?

(2)过去进行时的时间

①then 那时候

②at that time 那时候

④at+点钟+过去的时间

⑤when+过去时的主句

⑥while连接的两个过去的动作

e.g.What were you doing this time yesterday?

昨天这个时候你在干什么?

They were watching TV at 7 yesterday evening.

昨天晚上7点钟他们在看电视。

注意:

He/ She /It was…不可缩略为He’s, She’s, It’s。He’s是He is或He has的缩略形式,She’s是She is或She has的缩略形式,It’s是It is或It has的缩略形式。

5.一般将来时

一般将来时的构成:一般将来时的构成如下表所示(以动词work为例):

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I /We shall work.

Shall I/ we work?

I/ We shall not work.

Shall I/ we not work?

I/ We /You/ They/ He/ She/ It will work.

Will I /we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it work?

I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She/ It will not work.

Will I /we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it not work?

英语口语中,常常为了说话的方便和简洁而使用动词的缩略形式。一般将来时的肯定缩略式为:

否定疑问缩略式为:

Shan’t I/ We…? Won’t I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it…?

一般将来时的基本用法:

“will/shall+动词原形”表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。在书面语中,主语是I或we时,常用shall,也可用will。在口语中,will可用于各种人称,而shall的用法范围较窄,且越来越有被will替代的趋势。

e.g.It’ll soon be Christmas and the New Year.

很快就到圣诞节和新年了。

I will/shall see you tomorrow and talk about the new plan.

明天我去找你谈谈有关新计划的事:

We will/shall come to ask Miss Chen for help.

我们要找陈老师帮忙。

He’lllose the job if he doesn’t work hard.

如果他不努力,他会失去这份工作。

Nobody will do such a job with so little pay.

没人会做工资这么少的工作。

常用必背:

常与一般将来时连用的时问状语有:

next time下次 tomorrow 明天 next year 明年

tomorrow evening 明晚 before long 不久后 in the future 将来

the day after tomorrow 后天 this afternoon 今天下午

一般将来时的其他表达法:

除了will/shall结构可以表示将来之外,以下几种形式也是表示将来时态常用的结构。

①be going to表示将来:be going to结构在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事,必然或很可能发生的事,也用来表示自然现象。

e.g.I’m going to gather some materials about Picasso.

我打算搜集一些有关毕加索的材料。

It’s going to be a fine day for surfing tomorrow.

明天将会是冲浪的好天气。

②be doing表示将来。

常用于这种结构的动词有go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay, do, take等。这种用法往往指安排好要做的事情,很少变更。

e.g.I’m doing my experiment tomorrow.

明天我要做实验。

She’s leaving early tomorrow morning.

明天她很早就出发。

③be to do表示将来。

这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。

e.g.The president is to visit China next week.

总统下周来访问中国。

The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.

会议明天一早召开。

用法比较:

be going to与will/ shall

be going to指当前的、已计划过或思考过的意图和打算,will/ shall表示未事先思考或未计划过的意图;be going to还可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生,而will则表明说话者的观点、主观意识。另外will/ shall还可作情态动词用,表示感情色彩。

e.g.It will be Christmas soon.

很快就是圣诞节了。(强调将来的状态)

I am going to listen to music.

我打算听听音乐。(现在的打算,指向将来)

I’ll answer the door.

我去开门。(未经事先考虑的意图)

I’m going to see him tomorrow.

我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考)

Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.

看看这些云彩,暴风雨要来了。(客观迹象)

I hope it will be warm tomorrow.

我希望明天会暖起来。(主观意愿)

6.过去将来时

过去将来时的构成:过去将来时的构成如下表所示:

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I /We shall /would work.

Would/ Should I/ we work?

I/ We shall/ would not work.

Would/ Should I/ we not work?

You/ They/ He/ She/ It would work.

Would you/ they/ he/ she /it work?

You/ They/ He/ She/ It would not work.

Would you/ they/ he/ she /it not work?

其缩略形式如下表所示:

肯定式

否定式

I’d/ We’d/ You’d/ They’d/ He’d/ She’d/ It’d

I’d/ We’d/ You’d/ They’d/ He’d/ She’d/ It’d not work.

I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She /It wouldn’t work或I/ We shouldn’t work.

过去将来时的基本用法:

①过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态主要用于宾语从句或间接引语中。

e.g.Last week he promised that he would come, but he hasn’t arrived until now.

上周他答应来的,可到现在都还没到。

He said that he would wait for me at the gate.

他说他将在大门口等我。

7.现在完成时

(1)现在完成时的构成:现在完成时的构成如下表所示:

(2)现在完成时的时间

① already 已经

② yet 已经

③ just 刚刚

④ before 从前

⑤ recently 最近

⑥ once 曾经

⑦ ever 曾经

⑧ never 从来没有

⑨ since+时间

⑩ for+时间

⑾ in the past/ last few years 在最近几年里

⑿ ever since then 从那时起一直到现在

(3)使用现在完成时需注意的问题:

①现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。

两者所表示的动作都发生在过去,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系、对现在产生的影响、结果等,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示与现在的关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

e.g.—Have you seen the TV play?

你看过这部电视剧吗?

—Yes, I have.

是的,看过。

—When did you see it?

你什么时候看的?

—I saw it sometime last year.

我是去年的某个时候看的。

②瞬间动词的完成时。

瞬间动词的肯定式通常不能与表一段时间的for短语、since短语或从句等连用,因为瞬间动词不能表示延续状态,它只能用现在完成时表达“已经做了”或“还没有做”,而不能表达“做了多久”。

e.g.I have joined the Youth Volunteers for five years.(×)

I joined the Youth Volunteers five years ago.(√)

或I have been a member of the Youth Volunteers for five years.(√)

我是五年前加入青年志愿者队伍的。

△初中所学的常用瞬间动词如下:

①leave→have been away

②die→has been dead

③buy→have had

④borrow→have kept

⑤open→have been open

⑥close→have been closed

⑦begin→have been on

⑧finish→have been over

⑨arrive→have been+地点

⑩come→have been+地点

⑾go→have been+地点

8.过去完成时

过去完成时强调的时间和动词是过去之前的过去。

(1)动词的结构:had+过去分词

(2)过去完成时的时间

①by+过去的时间

②by the end of+过去的时间

(3)过去完成时的其它用法

①用于when的主句、条件:从句的动作过了,主句的动作在从句的动作之前。

e.g.They had already had supper when I got home.

我到家时他们已经吃过了晚饭。

②用于before的主句

e.g.Before I went to bed, I had read a newspaper.

我睡觉之前看了一张报纸。

③用于after的从句

e.g.After I had finished my homework, I helped my mother with housework.

我做完作业后,帮助妈妈做了家务活。

△综上所述,我们明白了在英语中,动词的形式通常是随时间的变化而变化,但只要明确在各种时间中动词的形式,这一难题也就不难。下面我们来做几个练习题。

1.My mother often _______(watch) TV at home.

2.My mother _______(watch) TV yesterday.

3.My mother _______(watch) TV this time yesterday.

4.My mother _______(watch) TV now.

5.My mother _______(watch) TV tomorrow evening.

6.My mother _______(watch) TV for 2 hours.

7.My mother said that she _______(watch) TV by nine yesterday evening.

8.My mother said that she _______(watch) TV next week.

答案:

1.watches

2.watched

3.was watching

4.is watching

5.

6.has watched

7.had watched

8.would watch

典例剖析

例题1.—Hasn’t Betty come yet?

—No, and I _______for her for nearly 2 hours.(2008武汉市中考题)

A.wait B.waited

C.have waited D.had waited

解题技巧:

此题主要考查现在完成时和过去完成时的区别,for加时间通常用完成时态,但由于第一句问句用的是现在完成时,所以后面用现在完成时,说明wait这个动作还要持续下去。

答案:C

例题2.—I phoned you at seven yesterday evening. But nobody answered.

—I _______in the park nearby.(2008山东烟台市中考题)

A.walk B.walked

C.am walking D.was walking

解题技巧:

此题的命题陷阱在于第二句根本没有出现时间,所以看题时,要看问句的时间“at seven yesterday evening”,此句是回答这个时间的问题,所以用过去进行时。

答案:D

例题3.—China’s 24th science research team _______at Changchang station on Jan, 5, 2008.

—Wonderful! Our scientists _______ a lot in this field already.(2008哈尔滨中考题)

A.has arrived, improved

B.arrived, has improved

C.arrived, have improved

解题技巧:

第一句中因为有具体的过去了的时间,所以用过去式。第二句中因为有already,所以用现在完成时。

答案:D

急求“高中英语语法时态(过去、现在、将来)的结构、用法及练习题,能提供历年高考相关的题更好!!!

一、一般过去时的概念:

一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,等。

二、一般过去时的结构:(可分4类不同的结构)

1.Be动词的一般过去时

(1)在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were

(2)肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.

I was very shy two years ago.

(3)否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.

I was not very shy two years ago.

(4)一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?

Were you very shy two years ago?

注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。

2. 实义动词的一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它

I ate breakfast 2 hours ago.

否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 did not = didn’t

I did not eat breakfast 2 hours ago.

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它do , does的过去时均为did?

Did you eat breakfast 2 hours ago?

注:did和didn’t 是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

3. 情态动词的一般过去时态

含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。

肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它.

She could sing well when she was young.

否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.

She could not sing well when she was young.

一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?

Could she sing well when she was young?

注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will-would,should-should.

4.特殊疑问句式:

特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?

特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?

Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?

What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?

三、 一般过去时的判断标志词

yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 时间 , this morning

时间 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 .

四、规则动词的过去式

1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。

look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited

2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。

live→lived use→used

3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。

study→studied try→tried fly→flied

4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。

stop→stoppedplan→planned prefer→preferred

5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。

五、 一般过去时的基本用法

1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

He suddenly fell ill last night.

他昨晚突然病倒了。

2.表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。常和often经常,always总是,once a week一周一次,等表示频度的时间状语连用。

She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school.

她上学时每个月去看一场**。

When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.

我在乡下时经常在河边散步。

找状语从句练习题

讲解和题目都有了,只是题目太长,经济年度高考题也有好几十条,粘不上来,要觉得好就给你邮箱

语法专项复习四:动词的时态和语态

动词的时态

时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。

(一)一般现在时

1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other.

2. 表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy.

3. 表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。

(二)一般过去时

1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如: I used to do my homework in the library.

(三)一般将来时

1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:

I will/shall graduate next year.

2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如:

Crops will die without water.

You won’t succeed without their support.

3. 几种替代形式:

(1) be going to+动词原形结构的用法

这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如:

What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?

此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如:

Look at these black clouds. —It’s going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。

I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。

注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明:

① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:

There’ll (=is going to) be a football match in our school next week.

下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。

② be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如:

I will (=am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。

注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如:

They’re going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。

—- Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。

—I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去(端)。

③ be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如:

We’re going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。

He’ll write a book one day. 他有朝一日要写书。

The house will break down. 那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。

④ 表示预测:be going to表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如:

It’s very dark and cold. It’s going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。

I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。

⑤ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如:

Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗?

⑥ be going to可用于条件句,表示将来的时间,will一般不能。例如:

If you are going to watch TV this evening, you’d better finish your homework now.

你若想今晚看电视,最好现在就完成作业。

⑦ 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中常用will,而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如:

If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国,你会喜欢那儿的食物的。

(2) be+动词不定式结构的用法

这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如:

You are to be back by 11 o’clock. 你必须11点回来。

We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。

The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。

(3) be about+动词不定式结构的用法

这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如:

I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。

(4) be+v.-ing结构的用法

这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:

Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?

Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。

(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法

这种用法除了动词be外,一般适用于表示位置转移的动词, 例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等,或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外,在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如:

I’m free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。

School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。

I’ll give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来,我就把书给他。

(四)现在进行时

1. 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。

He is writing a letter now.

2. 有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹,厌烦,满意,不满等)。

He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)

The boy is always talking in class. (表示不满)

3. 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示未来的时间状语)。

How many of you are coming to the party?

(五)现在完成时

1. 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:

I have just finished my homework.

Mary has been ill for three days.

2. 完成时态可用在下列结构中:

(1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定语从句;

(2) This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;

(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。

如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:

This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

(六)过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:

We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

(七)过去完成时

1. 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:

We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

2. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.

另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是:

(1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.

(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

3. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:

① hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

② no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

③ by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.

(八) 一般过去将来时

1. 一般过去将来时的形式

should / would+ 动词原形 或 was / were + 动词-ing形式

2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如:

He said that he would speak at the meeting.

He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.

(九)现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远时候。现在完成进行时所用动词均为延续性动词。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.

注意:运用动词时态要注意的几个问题

1. 在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如:

We’ll give him the book if he wants it.

He decided to fight back if he was hit again.

I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.

2. 时态的一致(时态的呼应),如

We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.

I didn’t know if she would come.

He admitted that he had been on the march.

*不进行时态调整的情况:

(1) 从句说的是一种普遍真理,如:

Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.

(2) 当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如

Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?

3. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用,如:

误:I have received her letter for three months.

正:I received her letter three months ago.

正:It is three months since I received her letter.

4. 注意某些要求一定时态的句型

* was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.

I was reading a book when the bell rang.

* was/were about to do sth. when … did sth.

She was about to go out when it started to rain

* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如:

It’s the first time I’ve seen her.

We have been there three times.

* It is / has been… since…

It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.

* hardly…when…

We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.

* no sooner…than…

No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.

1. I the message to him as soon as he back tomorrow. A. give, come B. will give, will come C. will give, comes D. give, will come 答案:C 2. While she TV in the sitting room, the bell . A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang C. was watching, rang D. watched, was ringing 答案:C 分析:本题是由while引导的状语从句,强调的是正在进行“看电视”这一动作时,“门铃响了”这一动作也发生了,所以从句用时行时态,主句用一般过去时。答案为C。 3. She was busy, she couldn't go to your birthday party last night. A. so B. and C. or D. but 答案:A 分析:本题时表示结果的状语从句,前面一句是说明理由“她很忙”,才产生后面的结果“不能参加你的生日晚会。”答案是A。 4. Jack often (walk)to school, but he (come)to school by bike this morning.(用动词的适当形式填空) 答案:walks,came 分析:此题的要求是用动词的适当形式填空,其适当形式包括的内容较多,如动词原形,时态、语态、不定式、-ing形式、-ed形式等,一定要找出时间状语,主句与从句之间的连接词,从而确定它们的谓语动词的时态。此题是由两个并列句构成,前一句的时间状语为often,表达的式经常性、习惯性的动作,而第二句的状语是this morning,只是偶尔“今早”的一次,所以应该填walks,came。 5. He (be)better today than he (be)yesterday.(用动词的适当形式填空) 答案:is,was。 分析:此题的要求是用动词的适当形式填空,两个动词虽然都是be,但时间状语不同,是今天today与昨天yesterday的比较,所以,正确答案为:is,was。 6. Will you meet him at the station if he (arrive)?(用动词的适当形式填空) 答案:arrives。 分析:此题是if引导的条件状语从句,主句时将来时,从句就要用一般现在时,即arrives。 7. Don't cross the road the light turns green. A. when B. while C. until D. as 答案:C 分析:如果主句用否定形式,从句用肯定形式,表示“直到……才……”,并且主句的为语动词为非延续行动词如:leave,start,come,see,go to bed等,表示这一动作直到until才开始发生,故选择C。 8. She will find him a kind man when she more about him. A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know 答案:A。 分析:在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来时。 9. It is ten years I left my hometown. A. since B. if C. whether D. until 答案:A 分析:在英语里,有一些非延续性的动词,他们只是一瞬间就结束的动作,如:come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up等,用It is… since…的句型来表达目前存在的一种状态。故正确答案为:A。 10. I was cooking he was reading a book. A. after B. while C. because D. but 答案:B。 分析:由while引导的从句表示某个动作还在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中。故正确答案为:B。 11. She worked quietly that no one knew she was there. A. so, as B. so, that C. too, to D. very, that 答案:B。 分析:so…that…意为“如此……以致……”,表示结果,故正确答案为:B。 12. Hurry up, you will miss the train. A. and B. then C. or D. / 答案:C。 分析:由“祈使句+or+陈述句”或“祈使句+and+陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if引导的条件状语从句。如果连词是or,那么转换成的条件状语从句应该是否定的;如果连词是and,那么转换成的条件状语从句应该是肯定的。根据本题的句意“快一点,否则就赶不上火车了”,故正确答案为:C。 13. I to bed last night until my father came back. A. went B. didn't go C. had gone D. would go 答案:B。 分析:最可能选错的答案是A。在not…until…句式中,如果主句的谓语动词为非延续行动词如:leave, start, come, see, go to bed等,主句用否定形式,从句用肯定形式,表示“直到……才……”,并且,表示这一动作直到until才开始发生。故正确答案为:B。 14. I him since we met last in 1981. A. don't see B. didn't see C. won't see D. haven't seen 答案:D。 15. “Why didn't Li Lei use a pencil?” “ his pen was broken.” A. Because B. When C. Until D. If 答案:A。(互联网摘录)

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